Lithium is the lightest metal, has the highest electrochemical potential, and has the highest energy density per gram. Rechargeable batteries that use lithium metal anodes (negative electrodes) can supply both high voltage and extraordinary capacity. This results in an extremely high energy density.
The Lithium-Ion Battery has twice the energy density as the Nickel Cadmium Battery. The potential for a 3x increase in the energy density of the Nickel-cadmium Battery can be achieved by improving the electrode active components.
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Li-ion Batteries are low-maintenance batteries, something that other technologies cannot claim. The battery does not require regular cycling or memory to extend its life. The self-discharge rate is also lower than Nickel-metal-hydride and Ni-Cd, making the Li-ion ideal for modern fuel gauge applications.
The Benefits and Limitations of Lithium-Ion Battery:
1. High energy density- means that you have the potential to achieve even greater capacities.
2. Self-discharge is relatively low, less than half that of Nickel-cadmium or NiMH.
3. A protection circuit is required. It limits current and voltage. If the battery is not being used, it will be safe.
4. Subject to aging, even if not in use, store the battery in a temperature-controlled situation and at 40 percent state-of-charge minimizes the aging impact.
5. Costly to make, approximately 40 percent more expensive than Ni-Cd. The price tag will be lower if there are better production methods and the replacement of rare metals with less expensive options.
Battery tests are not fully mature. Even with quick verification methods, battery test results can be affected by changes in chemical and metal combinations.
